Arab-Israeli Conflict on Twitter

In the past Hamas supporters and other anti-Israeli protestors in the Arab world had to rely on the age-old method of expressing their views – i.e. scrawling graffiti on walls. The influx of social media over the last few years has opened up new channels for communicating hostile feelings, on both sides of the conflict.

The Israeli military have been all over Twitter, Youtube, Flickr and other social media sites employing a vast staff to ensure that the war to win over public opinion is as active as any military objective. The Israeli army have been open about their use of social media, as military spokeswoman Lieutenant Colonel Avital Leibovich admitted, “I’m sort of addicted to Twitter, you can say. It’s a great tool to release information without the touch of editors’ hands,” she said. “Militaries are usually closed operations, but we’re doing the opposite.”

Hamas have also been active on social media sites with tweets such as “Our blessed hands will reach your leaders and soldiers wherever they are (You Opened Hell Gates on Yourselves).” Hamas also regularly update their Facebook page which publishes material in multiple languages in a clear attempt to court opinion across the world.

What should our response to all this be? I suppose it is inevitable, in a world where media outlets are now immediate and uncensored that military leaders would seek to exploit this form of mass communication. I can think of many prominent historical figures who would have loved the opportunity to reach millions of people with their message and this is all the more powerful when the message comes as an image or video. The task that faces sites such as Youtube is phenomenal. With 100,000 hours of video being uploaded on a daily basis it is impossible to effectively limit those who seek to use social media for propaganda purposes and the current conflict has already seen the release of videos showing assassinations and the horrifying images of innocent civilian victims.

For educators this gives an opportunity to revisit lessons about censorship and propaganda. It has always been an important aspect of history and politics lessons to encourage a degree of scepticism and questioning of news stories and politically motivated content. This is now all the more important in an age when most children have fairly open access to content that, by its nature, is trying to persuasive and often employs shock tactics to accentuate its point. Schools should be discussing the current conflict in Israel, not just from the perspective of history and current affairs, but as a valuable lesson in how to digest the wealth of information that is fired at us on in the battle for the control of social media.

Are we losing control?

The debacle of the BBC’s Newsnight story this week over false allegations of child abuse has once again raised frequently made calls for more control of the internet. Lord MacAlpine was not named in the Newsnight report but his name spread like wild fire across the internet leading some commentators and politicians to call for stricter measures of censorship and editing on the internet. This is a sentiment shared by many in education who fear the loss of control that inevitably comes with social media sites.

You can understand where these views come from. It is appalling that an innocent man has had his name attached to such serious crimes without any kind of evidence or formal investigation. The internet opens up all sorts of dangers for everybody and schools are right to be cautious of the potential damage that can be caused to reputations and the exposure of children to inappropriate content and the risk of cyberbullying. But to call for more control of the internet strikes me as missing the point, by quite a long way.

Firstly, how would this control come about? The internet and the World Wide Web were created with openness and freedom at their very soul. Governments may wish to have more control over content, but this would not be practical or desirable; regimes that attempt to do this are looked on with disdain in the free world and their extraordinary efforts are likely to be in vain. This is one of the features of the internet, and in particular of social media, that is so revolutionary. Everybody has a voice. This means one has to filter through quite a lot of rubbish to find anything of value, but search engines do this job to an extent and there are many examples of priceless videos, pictures and thoughts that would never have gone public before the emergence of the internet.

We are also in danger of blaming the technology rather than the humans that create these situations. The Newsnight fiasco was caused by some shoddy journalism. The fact that no name was actually said on the programme does not mean that people did not know who was being spoken about. This is a similar issue that affects schools who are encouraged to ban mobile phones or to block websites. This will not stop bullying, pornography or whatever else it is that we are trying to protect our children from but it will certainly restrict the availability of exciting resources and cutting edge technology that young people invariably carry around in their blazer pockets.

By all means lambast the BBC in their clumsy handling of sensitive issues. By all means address bullying as a serious issue in schools. But let us not fall into the misapprehension that the technology that is now very much part of our lives is at fault or to blame for human frailities.

Digital native - overly simplistic and potentially dangerous

Education is largely about meeting the emotional and social needs of young people so that they are well placed to learn (Maslow). Attempting to understand the world in which they live is vital even if generational detachment means that we will never fully be on the same page. So what is that world? Young people have grown up with most of the modern technology that older generations still think of as new. Young people starting school this term were most likely born in the same year that iTunes and Wikipedia were launched and Sega stopped making consoles. It was the year of 9/11, the separation of Tom Cruise and Nicole Kidman and the death of one of technology’s greatest fans, Douglas Adams. They were 3 when Facebook began and 6 when the first iPhone was released.

As Adams himself wrote in 2002’s Salmon of Doubt; “Anything that is in the world when you're born is normal and ordinary and is just a natural part of the way the world works. Anything that's invented between when you're fifteen and thirty-five is new and exciting and revolutionary and you can probably get a career in it. Anything invented after you're thirty-five is against the natural order of things.” The digital world of social media and mobile technology is the “normal and ordinary” world of most secondary school-age students and “against the natural order of things” for most educators. This has given rise to the rather convenient labels of digital natives and digital immigrants.

A digital native is defined on Wikipedia as “a person who was born during or after the general introduction of digital technologies and through interacting with digital technology from an early age, has a greater understanding of its concepts.” Like most labels, this is altogether too simplistic. We’ve all seen video or had first-hand experience of small children interacting with tablet computers and mobile phones or bemoaned that way in which teenagers appear to be permanently glued to their Blackberry phones. The logical conclusion that is drawn is that digital natives instinctively know how to use all of the available technologies that have been developed before or during their young lives; that exposure alone is sufficient for efficacy.

This is, of course, nonsense. Young people need guidance and advice in all aspects of their lives, including those aspects which are perhaps new to those who might be educating them. Parents and schools have a responsibility to try and make sense of today’s world and help prepare young people for whatever tomorrow’s world might have in store for them. A digital immigrant, “an individual who was born before the existence of digital technology and adopted it to some extent later in life” (Wikipedia), is still best-placed to instruct and teach the younger generation and should not assume that everyone under a certain age is absolutely clued-up on modern technologies. I teach sixth form students who are ‘afraid’ of using email, who have never heard of Google+ or think that Facebook is for people in their 30s or 40s.

If schools turn a blind eye to the reality of social media and mobile technologies there is a very real risk that young people will learn how to use these exciting tools in an ill-structured and unsafe environment without the wisdom and guidance that educators should exude.

Let's get blogging

Millions of people around the world engage in blog (web log) writing. It has been a dominant feature of the internet since the late 1990s and essentially, at its most simple, gives an opportunity for us to put our thoughts and reflections down in writing. Blogs can also contain other forms of media such as pictures and video and often include interactive elements which facilitate sharing and commenting. Blogging is at the heart of social networking and popular sites such as Facebook and Twitter have fed off this demand to capture and share thoughts and experiences. Blogging suffers from the usual problems of having a saturated market, especially one which is completely open and free of editing, i.e. the quality of blogs can vary from the sublime to the ridiculous.

In terms of education, as Donald Clark has recently written about, blogging has the potential to be of great benefit to both students and educators. Teachers can use blogs to summarise content that has been covered in the lesson; this has value for students who wish to revisit the learning to check understanding, who have missed lessons, or to aid home learning or revision. Geography teacher, Millie Watts, uses a blog for precisely this as well incorporating more sophisticated tools such as live blogging (using Coveritlive) which allows her to conduct revision sessions through a live stream. At The John Warner School we are using Google+ to engage with A Level students. Having trialled other social networking sites in the past Google+ appears to benefit from its relative lack of popularity, students don’t feel like they’re mixing school with social lives, as well as its direct links with Youtube and a generally more professional look and feel.

The opportunity for students to write their own blogs is possibly even more exciting as they are engaging more actively in their own learning. Social networks like Google+ encourage students to interact but their contributions are generally brief and probably not revisited. A student who is encouraged to write a fuller blog of their own will be recording and reflecting on their learning, will be encouraged to collaborate with others and will be able to easily access their blogs at a later date for the purposes of revision. As Donald Clark writes, this is a hugely untapped resource and one which schools should be encouraging and facilitating while not making the assumption that because young people are ‘digital natives’ they already know about and use blogs – they probably don’t.

We have just signed the whole school up for Google accounts which will give all students and staff access to Blogger, one of the many free blogging sites that exist. Let’s get blogging!